Signal Role in Mission Command Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Signal Role in Mission Command - Research Paper Example Troops must be associated normally to satellite-based correspondence. This implies for successful order and control, power arrangement can just happen in the face appropriate data correspondence innovations creating on the planet. The fundamental duty of the Signal Regiment is to guarantee that the Army is effectively changed into a data innovation period and new specialized devices are by and large appropriately used. As indicated by Rutt and Jette (2003), the expanding requirement for joint-administration activities underscores the necessity for utilizing basic sound, symbolism and information signals and systems for all warfighters. The goal is an immaculate worldwide framework where signs can be moved between clients securely and effectively in a manner justifiable to the client (McGrath, 2006). The primary point of interchanges innovation devices is to ensure the administrator and faculty ceaseless safe correspondences during activity and on the forefronts. To accomplish this, t he foundation of fight labs for rising battle improvements has made huge jumps on this front, particularly in most created nations, for example, the United States. Innovation is known to change quicker in interchanges and computerization than new development. Considering this, rising advancements will in general be centered more around the work force, for example, quick prototyping and preliminaries by fighters in a pragmatic manner. Satellite-based Communication A satellite-based sign transmission framework for battle trucks is presently under assessment. Lighter, modest, versatile and increasingly powerful frameworks are the impression for future battleground interchanges. As of now the preliminaries are continuous on Mounted Battle Command moving frameworks fueled by satellite correspondences that will offer broadband signs and interchanges to an administrator on the war zone (Bullock, &Marshall, 2011). The innovation will utilize lighter, modest, and less exorbitant tracks w ith advancements mounted on it to improve correspondences for the fight to come orders progressing. Regardless, the advancement of devices that will essentially work in antagonistic battle condition is as yet a test to the producers. Future sign transmissions will observer the position of little satellite recipients on military trucks, particularly those that are intended for order and control procedure on the combat zones (McGrath, 2006). The primary point of these tasks is to interface countless these trucks utilizing satellites, so the military can work anyplace over the world without breaking a sweat. As of now, physical obstructions are an issue on the battlegrounds, and as result leaders are compelled to draw nearer to the forefront for viable correspondence (Rutt, and Jette, 2003). Be that as it may, in future, officers will have the ability to build up a few correspondence channels among them, and the lower-level staff anyplace in the battle zones. Extended correspondences a rrive at Recent encounters in the war on fear mongering have stressed the need to adjust combat zone developments to brisk and simpler correspondence (Tyler, 2008). Future interchanges will in this way have further geological reach contrasted with the extent of current correspondences. The as of now constrained reach of interchanges represents a more concerning issue to order and control between forward sent units and those that are in the back (Bullock, &Marshall, 2011). Current mechanical shortcomings likewise hinder appropriate interchanges with troops

Shall We Walk by Pura Santillan free essay sample

Pura Santillan-Castrence starts the exposition with an easygoing tone and proceeds with a clear way of counting the unparalleled advantages of strolling. The words utilized all through were faultless in summoning a visual picture in a reader’s brain and in this way, adding to the excellence of a slow improvement of scenes. From the start, her work embodies an unremarkable creation solely appropriate for wellbeing cognizant perusers. Be that as it may, a sagacious completion whips starting decisions as the writer demonstrates the pertinence of a basic prologue to accomplish her motivation recorded as a hard copy the piece. â€Å"Shall We Walk? † splendidly fused intentional pith into a very conventional actionâ€walking. From its favorable circumstances to man’s wellbeing, to the various types of individuals one sees, to the exercises you may learn en route lastly, the revelation of oneself. These are conceivable when one uses his feet to make a trip to his goal. I unmistakably valued the essay’s reasonable methodology, which permitted me to relate with the content since I, myself, walk when driving from Katipunan to my wonderful residence in Makati. We will compose a custom paper test on Will We Walk by Pura Santillan or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In like manner, I was awed by the acknowledgment that my encompassing is an instrument which conveys life certainties and exercises that can reinforce one’s character. The encompassing that a great many people underestimate is, all things considered, a quiet educator that one will perceive just in the event that he wants to open his eyes and see past what is promptly introduced on a superficial level. It is likewise this encompassing fills in as a peaceful spot for focused on individuals, similar to me, to loosen up and to think plainly. On these, the article added importance to an activity I perform simply because it is fundamental. It left an enduring effect as it passed on that strolling is equivalent to learning and finding, my condition and society, yet more significantly, my uniqueness. I was in a flash joined to this exposition, most particularly in light of the fact that it made ready for me to see a greater truth about existence. It helped me that each part to remember man’s venture here on earth is a learning experience and one needs to drench himself with his encompassing so as to completely build up his character. Starting now and into the foreseeable future, I’ll be anticipating strolling the boulevards of Katipunan with absolute fervor. Since the world uncovers itself to the individuals who do as such, I just can’t hold back to travel by and by foot.

Supply Chain Memo Example

Supply Chain Memo Example Supply Chain Memo â€" Essay Example > Logistics is the management of products between their areas of production and their point of consumption. This is for purposes of meeting some requirements of corporations and customers (Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012). The resources that are managed in the process of logistics can include physical products such as materials, food, liquids, animals and equipments. It can also include abstract items such as information, time, energy, and particles. The logistics processes of physical items normally involve the integration of the flow of information, production, material handling, packaging, transportation, warehousing, inventory, and even security (Frazelle, 2002). It is possible to model, analyze, visualize, and optimize the complexity of logistics through the use of simulation software. The minimization of the use of these resources is a common motivational procedure in the logistics of export and import business. This paper explains the relationship that exists between cost and logist ic systems. It further analyzes the techniques used in performing a logistic system analysis. This paper also summarizes the approaches used in analyzing the logistic systems. Inter-relationship exists between the logistic subsystem and the total costs of the individual items. Cost reduction in a logistic subsystem can lead to an increase in the cost of another logistic sub-system. Examples of logistics subsystem includes, transport logistics, warehousing logistics, purchasing logistics, etc. Bell (2014) explains that cost reduction in one logistic subsystem can also trigger an increase in cost of the whole logistic system. The orientation of the total cost is a very significant factor that guides the decision making process in logistics. This is mainly because the logistic system is characterized by a variety of cost conflicts. For example consolidation of orders, in a logistic process will most definitely lead to a reduction in the cost of processing an order. When orders made by an organization are consolidated, the costs of purchasing or processing the orders will reduce. It is possible to achieve better capacity utilization in transportation. Furth ermore, the company would experience an increase in the inventory levels. This is because more products are delivered in one instance. In some circumstances, the capacity of the warehouse cannot sustain an increased number of products. This would force the organization to build a large warehouse, leading to an increase in storage costs. Bell (2014) explains that consolidation of orders can also benefit packaging of these orders. This is only if large packaging units are used. This leads to a reduction in packaging costs. The development of a central warehouse can also lead to the reduction of the costs associated with warehousing. A central warehouse is able to reduce the transportation costs associated with supplying to different warehouses (Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012). However, transportation costs that have a relation to deliveries can increase if tracks can cover a long distance, to make the deliveries. It is possible to denote that in the logistic system and process, a reduction in one cost, would either increase or reduce the cost of another logistic subsystem. But on a general perspective, an efficient logistic system will result to a reduction in the overall costs that an organization would incur, in carrying out its business activities. The most common processes used in performing the logistic system analysis. These processes are freight lane analysis, inventory analysis, and segment profitability (Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012). Freight lane analysis concerns itself with the transportation movement of products on a specific freight lane. It focuses on the balance of the volume of products, between their areas of origin, to their destination points. To effectively maximize the utilization of vehicles, it is important to balance the movements of vehicles. Freight lane analysis is always used in examining the transportation costs of a business organization, and how to reduce these costs. Inventory analysis focuses on productivity and inventory performance (Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012). Inventory analysis focuses on the inventory turnover and the volume of product sales. A standard inventory analysis makes a consideration of the inventory turnover, and the volume of the product sales. For example, making a list of the top ten inventories and sales grouping in a decreasing sequence may enable a logistics officer to determine the products that have a great influence on the inventory and volume levels. The segment profitability technique is another method that analyzes the logistic system. Under this method, a logistic officer will group the products of the company according to segments, and analyze the segments which are profitable to the company (Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012). It is these segments that the logistics officer will lay emphasis on, while carrying out the logistics process. Most business organizations have multiple channels of acquiring revenue. These sources of revenues vary, in regard to their profitability. It is therefore a common practice for these organizations to group these business lines, by identifying the most profitable, to the least profitable. This would help in identifying on areas where the company should lay emphasis on its supply and procurements (Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012). In conclusion, an efficient logistic system will help in the reduction of operational costs of a business organization. This will result to a rise in the profits of the organization under consideration. Most business organizations that have succeeded in their operations have an efficient supply and logistic system. References: Bell, J. (2014). Global logistics strategies delivering the goods. London: Kogan Page. Frazelle, E. (2002). Supply chain strategy the logistics of supply chain management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gudehus, T., Kotzab, H. (2012). Comprehensive logistics (2nd rev. and enl. ed. ). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Advantages of Same Sex Marriage - 1678 Words

Advantages of Same Sex Marriage 1. Denying them is a violation of religious freedom (civil and religious marriages are two separate institutions). The main reason for denying marriage to gay couples is that all major religions consider homosexuality a sin; however, the First Amendment of the Constitution clearly states that a persons religious views or lack thereof must be protected. Marriage by the state is a secular activity; the government cannot start making laws just because a religion says they should. Whats next, should we make taking the Lords name in vain a criminal activity because Christians consider it a breaking of a commandment? 2. Marriage benefits (such as joint ownership, medical decision-making capacity) should be†¦show more content†¦Married people commit themselves to one partner and work to build a life together. Isnt that the type of behavior we want to encourage? 9. The same financial benefits that apply to man-woman marriages apply to same-sex marriages. In todays economic environment, it often takes two incomes to live. A married couple shares rent, utilities, and other bills, which are often difficult for one person to take on alone. This is especially truly if a dependent person is involved such as a child. In addition, a married couple can often financially support each other when times get tough, such as when one of the two is out of work. The other can continue to pay the bills until the unemployed person gets back on his/her feet. Owning a house is often impossible without another person to share the financial burden, and owning a home is not only part of the American dream, it promotes stability and community pride. Arguments for Same Sex Marriage: (Pro) †¢ Dignity and respect: The institution of marriage conveys dignity and respect towards a couple that make a lifetime commitment to support each other. â€Å"Same-sex couples deserve this dignity and respect.† †¢ Equal rights: Denying marriage to same-sex couples removes from one group a fundamental, important human right – the right to marry the person that one loves and to whom one has made a commitment. That is unfair and unjust in a democracy. †¢ FinancialShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Same Sex Marriage1697 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuals slowly realize, as well as companies that it is a suitable to instate same-sex benefits to same-sex spouses; in the same way, traditional marriages are receiving benefits. Several of the employment benefits that our federal government provides to its employees and their families remain tied to a person’s marital status. Employers who offer benefits for domestic partners support an employee of culture, diversity, and social acceptance, which can be used as a marketing tool for the companyRead MoreWhy Is The Government So Focused On Marriages?876 Words   |  4 Pagesis the government so focused on marriages? I. Introduction A. Hook/Attention grabber – In the U.S. same sex marriages are considered to be nothing since that is what the government wants in hopes of keeping the special things that opposite sex married couples get. B. Background information – For instance OSM get 1,100 advantages and the SSM and OSC do not get any of advantages which most parts of the government says will help prevent the weakening of marriages since the divorce rate and unwedRead MoreThe purpose of this policy brief is to recommend to the State of Florida a policy that will1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this policy brief is to recommend to the State of Florida a policy that will legalize same-sex marriage and acknowledge same-sex marriages recognized by laws in other states. This policy is necessary because current laws in Florida that restrict marriage to different-sex couples violate the US Constitution’s commitment to equal protection under the law and because the Due Process Clause protects individuals freedoms of personal choices, which includes their choice to marry and haveRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1411 Words   |  6 Pagesgay marriages is one of the most controversial issues throughout particularly in modern life. This paper, based on secondary research, arguing for legalizing same-sex marriage through specific analysis of its positive influences. In particular, there are two main benefits regarding society as well as economy. The finds of the research indicate that gays or lesbians are completely an important part of society. Therefore, they must have the rights to live and marry legally as other opposite-sex couplesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1684 Words   |  7 PagesGay marriage In discussions of gay marriage one controversial issue has been whether or not it should be legalized. On the one hand, some people argue that gay marriage should not be accepted in our society. On the other hand, some people believe that gay marriage should be legalized. Others even maintain that gay marriage is not a problem, and we should respect the preferences of everyone. My personal view is that gay marriage is not a big issue because we are in a free country, where everyoneRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1691 Words   |  7 PagesIn discussions of gay marriage one controversial issue has been whether or not it should be legalized. On the one hand, some people argue that gay marriage should not be accepted in our society. On the other hand, some people believe that gay marriage should be legalized. Others even maintain that gay marriage is not a problem, and we should respect the preferences of everyone. My personal view is that gay marriage is not a big issue because we are in a free country, where everyone has to respectRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesSame-sex marriage (â€Å"SSM†) is known as the wedding between two people of a similar sex in another social phenomenon, prompting another sort of family formation. In current circumstances, SSM did not exist until the 21st century, when an expanding number of nations started allowing homosexuals to marry lawfully. SSM is producing a mix of delight, debate, and restriction in numerous countries around the globe, mainly in the U.S. In reality, the official acknowledgment of same-sex marriage has developedRead MoreMarriage Is A Sacred Action, And The Bondage Between Individuals Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage is a sacred action, and the bondage between individuals is powerful. Marriage is one of the greatest moments in ones’ lifetime. Throughout different cultures marriage has a different meaning. In some groups, marriage and your spouse is not your decision and in others you can have multiple spouses. There are several different forms of marriage and different cultures practice those marriages in different ways. Marriage brings about happiness but in some cases it can bring grief and disciplineRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Jon Burrows American Government Unit 2 Research Paper 12/19/2016    Same-Sex Marriage Same-Sex marriage has been a button issue has tied to United States feelings on homosexuality. The family institutional structure in the United States is to be natural to have the heterosexual marriage and when they become parents, they will repopulate with heterosexual children and so on for generations to come.  Ã‚  History of same-sex marriage goes back to. Men marrying each other goes back to the 16th centuryRead MoreIssue of Gay Marriage1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Issue of Gay Marriage Summary This essay debates the issue of same sex marriage in the United States. It considers the pros and cons and examines the constitutional issues involved. Introduction Two strangers become friends and later fall in love. They tell their friends and family that they have each found their soul mate and they intend to get married as soon as possible. There is only one issue preventing them from getting married, not financial issues, and there are no love triangles

The Pros And Cons Of Internet Censorship - 1042 Words

Censorship comes in many forms and for a lot of different reasons but when it comes to the internet, for the most part it is beneficial. It can provide security for sensitive material. The things that minors are exposed to can be limited. Also you can make sure that it is not used to cause chaos. Furthermore it would seem to be a beneficial part of online life. It can provide security for important documents and conversations. Internet censorship can help with cyber security when important information or secrets are at stake. SEcrets can be anything from the security detail to things such a wartime movements, an article from New York Times Upfront, published by Scholastic Inc. says; The military has a very important reason for controlling†¦show more content†¦(32) Congress chose to promote the use of the Internet as a tool for communication and discourse which resulted in limited liability for defamation in order to achieve these goals. (33) Since the CDA s enactment, courts have interpreted it to immunize ISPs from tort liability arising from defamatory content posted online by third parties. (34) In other words the internet has and is continuing to be used to harass people and this is a step towards stopping that. Internet censorship may make the virtual world a safer place by protecting the users from bad influences. Lee Baker, writer for Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, notes that,â€Å"In April 2009, Moldovan youths used Twitter, Facebook, and other ICT to organize a flashmob after the results of a parliamentary election indicated a Communist victory†. This is just one of many examples of the way the internet can be used in negative ways to cause chaos. Also, terror groups have been known to use the internet as a recruitment tool and that can affect anyone. These attempts can’t be stopped completely but it can help mitigate the impact. Nevertheless some see the censorship of the internet as a bad thing. Some might see censorship as an infringement on their freedom. As stated in an article by, Dawn C. Nunziato, a writer for Georgetown Journal of International Law â€Å"...many countries censor InternetShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Censorship In Society1406 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship is beneficial to our nation because it keeps harmful activity out of children’s minds, protects our country, and prevents children from seeing offensive language, while censorship is also harmful to our culture because it invades privacy. I believe censorship is necessary, especially in the social media world we live in today. Censorship is the suppression or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news, etc. that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to securityRead MoreInternet Censorship and Government Regulation Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesThese days the internet has become an essential part to living for almost everyone but one of the controversial topics that people bring up is that whether or not the government should regulate information on the internet. Both sides have valid points which form a reasonable argument. Some people would say that they need to because of the dangers lurking around in the cyber world but the reasons for why the government shouldn’t regulate the Internet outnumber the reasons for why they should. TheRead MoreCensorship in the US Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagestheir children view indecencies on the Internet and television, and the government should control the obscenities on the Internet. Others believe that it is the parent’s responsibility to control and censor what their children are watching on the Internet and television. Censorship is the suppression of publishing information on the Internet or television (Naik). The government blocks only the content that is proved to be unfit for the public. Censorship is only used to a certain extent in theRead MoreCensorship And Censorship Of The Internet985 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of Censorship of the Internet in America has become a trending topic. The internet has been commonly censored to comply with the Digital Millennium Rights Act, but in recent times our government has been requesting more aggressive censorship in order to provide a safer cyberspace. If the American government began to censor the internet, the restriction will result in suppression of freedom of the press, hindering freedom of speech, and reduce the plethora of information on the internet. If AmericaRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Censorship: Controlling Media and Ideas769 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship, or what I like to call â€Å"controlled media†, is the control of ideas and content in our world. For as long as people have discovered that human beings have free will, there has been a way to regulate, govern and block the expression of its uses. There are many types of censorship when it comes to military, religion, political, public media or for just morale reasons. There have naturally been debates on whether censorship has truly been a restraint of expression, imposed to protect peopleRead MoreThe Importance Of Censorship1199 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, find censorship helpful when it protects their children from harmful things, but they are against censorship when it is used out of context. Parents seem to appreciate censorship more when it shelters children from learning indecent things in the world that could cause danger to themselves or the ot hers around them (Pillai, Prabhakar ). But censorship is not always good like when it is used in school’s or in books; but censorship can be helpful when it is used on the internet, social mediaRead MoreInternet Censorship Of China, South Africa And Other Countries1851 Words   |  8 Pages Internet censorship in China, South Africa and other countries is something that prohibits real discussion from taking place regarding issues that affect the public. For instance, in China, certain key word searches are automatically filtered out so that users cannot find the information they are seeking. While Internet censorship may be good from one perspective (in terms of stemming the flow of child pornography, curbing false information, or putting a nation’s interests first), it can be viewedRead MoreSOPA: A Righteous Cause or a Piracy Crusade? Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagesexplained what SOPA is, next one must look into what it does. In a brief synopsis, the Stop Online Piracy act would enable the attorney general to bring charges against and eventually shutdown all web sites, hosts, domain name owners, internet providers and internet users who are found to support, participate in or facilitate the theft of intellectual property of another. The act goes farther to say that all individuals once served with a court order will have only five days to appeal it in the courtsRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On The Music Industry1555 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays many people try to convince other people that censoring music on the radio and CDs is not a right thing as censorship can hide a meaning of the song. There are a lot of different factors why many people want their songs to be the way that the songwriter writes them. But these people usually forget that there are many more factors why songs should be censored. On the other hand, people want songs to be Ã' ensored because uncensored music can highly affect young children, limit the exposureRead MoreFeminism and Pornography: Differing Views1221 Words   |  5 Pagesare â€Å"pro-sex† feminists who believe that women have the right to do what they wish with their bodies and there are â€Å"pro-censorship† feminists who believe pornography is inherently degrading and violent toward s women. In this paper I am going to discuss the views and opinions held by each faction of the pornography debate and I will discuss the pros and cons of each view and discuss how every day women (i.e. not scholars/academics) feel about pornography. To begin I would like to discuss â€Å"pro-sex†

Teenage Smoking in United Kingdom Free Essays

string(217) " stakeholders that include public and private sectors involve in teenage smoking cessation service need to collect effective information about teenage smoking that could be from research or local and national survey\." Teenage Smoking in United Kingdom Background: Young people’s tobacco use continues to be a widely recognised public health challenge in UK. In November 2010, the government introduced the White Paper Healthy lives, Healthy People: Our Strategy for Public Health in England which set the government’s long-term ambitions for improving public health in England. The White Paper recognised the harmful effects smoking has on public health and made a commitment to publish a tobacco control strategy with the aim to minimise tobacco use. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Smoking in United Kingdom or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is estimated that each year in England around 340,000 children under the age of 16 who have never smoked before try smoking cigarettes (Department of Health, 209). Every year, around 200,000 children and young people start smoking regularly (HM Government, 2010). Of these 67% start before the age of 18 and 84% by age 19 (Robinson Bugler, 2008). The annual Government survey of smoking among secondary school pupils defines regular smoking as smoking at least one cigarette a week. However, in 2011 pupils classified as regular smokers smoked a mean (average) of 35. cigarettes a week, approximately five a day. Occasional smokers consumed on average 3. 5 cigarettes a week (ICHS, 2012). The number of cigarettes smoked by both regular and occasional smokers have fallen significantly since 2007. The proportion of children who have ever smoked continues to decline. In 2011, 25% of 11-15 year olds had smoked at least once, the lowest proportion since the survey began in 1982 when 53% had tr ied smoking (ICHS, 2012). Previously, girls had been more likely than boys to have ever smoked and to be regular smokers. However, in 2011, a similar proportion of boys and girls said they had tried smoking (25% and 26% respectively. ) The prevalence of regular smoking increases with age, from less than 0. 5% of 11 year olds to 11% of 15 years old. Smoking initiation is associated with a wide range of risk factors including: parental and sibling smoking, the ease of obtaining cigarettes, smoking by friends and peer group members, socio-economic status, exposure to tobacco marketing, and depictions of smoking in films, television and other media (Royal College of Physician, 2010). ttp://l3. kottonmouthkings. com/sites/default/files/styles/kroniclesnode/public/field/image/Teen-Marijuana. jpg Smoking and health: Evidence shows that smoking has negative effects on young people’s health, including respiratory illnesses, poorer lung function, and asthma related illnesses. It can also impair lung growth (Muller, 2007). Young smokers are two to six times more susceptible to coughs, increased phlegm and w heezing than their non-smoking peers (Royal College of Physicians, 1992). There is evidence that young people who smoke experience high rates of nicotine dependence and tend to continue the habit into adulthood (Gervais et al, 2006). Around two-thirds of people who smoked started the habit before the age of 18 (HSCIC, 2010). The risks to young smokers continue into later life. Individuals who start smoking before the age of 18 face a greater risk of all types of tobacco related cancers, linked primarily to their earlier exposure to the harmful toxins from cigarettes. Furthermore, girls who start smoking at a young age are much more likely to develop bronchitis or emphysema in adulthood than those who began smoking as adults (Gervais et al, 2006). . Teenage smokers and cessation service: Cigarette smoking among children aged 11–15 years constitutes a persistent and substantial health issue in Britain. Based on figures for England in 2004 (Department of health, 2005). Responding to this situation, there has been some official recognition of the need for cessation services to target young people. In September 1999 the Health Education Authority (later to become the Health Development Agency) sponsored a conference titled  Smoking Cessation in Young People: Should we do more to help young smokers to quit? On the basis of the findings from the conference, Foulds  (1999)  concluded that: * There is ample evidence from both surveys and telephone help lines which demonstrate that a significant proportion of young smokers want to stop smoking, and are willing to seek help to do so. There is need for current smoking cessation services to consider the needs of young smokers. The message, however, does not appear to have been translated into concerted action. Although children were identified in the ‘Smoking Kills’ White Paper as a target group for reduced smoking, they have received a surprising lack of attention in terms of the service provision linked to smoking cessation. This point is illustrated by the Health Development Agency’s recommendations to prim ary care trusts and service providers  West et al (2003)  and  West et al (2003a). While these recommendations do not completely overlook the matter of service provision for young people – the fact that young smokers are identified in the Government’s targets serves to ensure that they receive some mention on various occasions – it is difficult to escape the impression that young people are of marginal concern compared with the general adult population of smokers and the specific target groups of pregnant women and mothers with young children. In the recommendations for service providers one short paragraph is dedicated to the question ‘What services should be provided for teenagers? ’(West et al, 2003a). This reads: ‘There have been some studies looking at the needs of this group, but there is no hard evidence on which to recommend a particular approach and a stages-of-change derived intervention has not shown any benefits. ’ Stake Holders Involved in Teenage smoking cessation service: A multi integrated effort need to put in action to be successful in teenage smoking cessation programme. It is not only the duty of government to make sure to keep the teenager away from smoking. Everyone in the society that includes school teachers, parents, health planner, clinicians, and the teenage smoker them self need to be involved in the whole process to make the smoking cessation programs successful. Ethical Principles in Teenage smoking cessation Service: Ethical principles related to smoking cessation service include: * Collect information * Act on information * Advocacy and empowerment Provide information * Achieve community health with respect for individual rights * Feedback from the community (Public health leadership society, 2002) All the stakeholders that include public and private sectors involve in teenage smoking cessation service need to collect effective information about teenage smoking that could be from research or local and national survey. You read "Teenage Smoking in United Kingdom" in category "Papers" A set of good and effective policies need to be initiat ed by the government based on the information collected. Public support need to be gain on those policies to make teenage smoking cessation service successful and ensure advocacy. Governance: http://www. smokefreeaction. org. uk/files/images/VM_graph. jpg In March 2011, the government published Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A Tobacco Control Plan for England (Department of Health, 2011). This stated that tobacco use amongst adults must be tackled in order to reduce the number of young people who take up smoking. National ambitions to cut smoking rates in England by the end of 2015 were introduced: †¢ To reduce smoking prevalence among adults to 18. % or less; †¢ To reduce rates of regular smoking (defined as smoking at least one cigarette a week) among 15 year olds to 12% or less; and †¢ To reduce smoking during pregnancy to 11% or less (measured at the time of birth). Six priority areas for action were defined to achieve these ambitions: †¢ Stopping the promotion of tobacco; †¢ Making tobacco less affordable; â⠂¬ ¢ Effective regulation of tobacco products; †¢ Helping tobacco users quit; †¢ Reducing exposure to second-hand smoke; and †¢ Effective communications for tobacco control. In October 2007, it became illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18(rather than 16, as previously). The Tobacco Control Plan acknowledges this but states that young people continue to find new ways to evade the law, either by directly purchasing or getting tobacco through other means. The strategy sets out the aim to continue efforts to reduce the availability of tobacco to young people. There is evidence to suggest that the display of tobacco products in shops can affect young people’s future intentions to smoke. The Health Act 2009 was introduced to prohibit the display of tobacco products at the point of sale by the end of 2013. It also banned sales from vending machines from October 2011. Both measures were introduced explicitly to protect young people from the harms of smoking. New legislation came into effect in April 2012, ending tobacco displays in all large shops and supermarkets; this will be extended to smaller shops in 2015. Below there are some initiatives taken by the Government to reduce teenage smoking in UK? * Reducing affordability: There is considerable evidence to show that making tobacco less affordable is an effective way of reducing the prevalence of smoking (and young people are particularly sensitive to price). 34Reductions in affordability can be driven by taxation on tobacco products or prior on tobacco products. The availability of cheaper illicit tobacco products undermines the effectiveness of high prices and increases affordability, especially for more disadvantaged groups who are more likely to buy illicit tobacco. 17 * Action on illicit tobacco: Joint action by the UK Border Agency overseas and HM Revenue Customs (HMRC) at home continues to maintain downward pressure on the market for illicit tobacco, and HMRC has employed an additional 200 staff devoted to tackling hand-rolled tobacco (Department of health, 2010). Government has developed a cross-departmental illicit tobacco marketing strategy to encourage reductions in demand for illicit tobacco. * Vending machines: Since vending machines are self-service, they offer easy (and often unsupervised) access to tobacco, including for young people under the legal age at which they may be sold tobacco (18 years). Government will prohibit the sale of tobacco from vending machines, subject to Parliamentary consideration of regulations. * Reducing the attractiveness of tobacco products. * Removal of the display of tobacco products by retailers. * Limiting exposure to tobacco use in the media. * Reducing the promotion of tobacco through tobacco accessories. * Increasing awareness of the harms of tobacco. Legal Aspects of teenage smoking cessation: Health policy is largely formulated and implemented by the devolved administrations of each of the member countries of the United Kingdom. However, as tobacco falls within the remit of a number of different government departments: e. g. Treasury, Business, HMRC as well as Health, tobacco control policy is partly determined at UK-wide level and partly by the devolved administrations. The four nations of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have responsibility for their own smoking cessation and health education campaigns while UK-wide policy and law applies to taxation, smuggling, advertising, and consumer protection issues such as the provision of health warnings on tobacco packaging. Some of these measures are determined by European Union legislation. The law related to inhibit teenage or youth smoking are as follows: * The protection from tobacco (Sales from vending machines0 (England) regulations 2012: Sales of tobacco from vending machines is prohibited from 1 October 201. As discussed before most of the teenager got access to the vending machine without proving their age and able to buy cigarettes. * The Children and Young Persons (Sale of Tobacco  etc. ) Order 2007: In force legislation England and Wales. A separate order exists for Scotland. From 1 October 2007 the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco was raised from 16 to 18. The Act updates and amends the Children and Young Persons (Protection from Tobacco) Act 1991. * Children and Young Persons (Protection from Tobacco) Act 1991  (External Web Page): In force legislation England, Wales and Scotland only The Act amended and strengthened the existing Children and Young Persons Act 1933 and the Children and Young Persons Act (Scotland) 1937 regarding the sale of tobacco to minors. This Act increased the penalties for the sale of tobacco to persons under the age of 16, prohibited the sale of unpackaged cigarettes and made provision for local authorities to undertake enforcement action relating to offences connected to the sale of tobacco. * EU COM(2002) 303 final (Proposal): This council recommendation seeks to tighten tobacco control measures with particular emphasis on youth access to tobacco. Amongst the proposals: * Adult only access to cigarette machines * Removal of tobacco products from display Young people to prove their age prior to purchase * Banning sales of packets of 10 * These recommendations do not call for primary legislation but propose changes to existing legislation such as directives on product regulation and labelling. Reference List: Department of Health (2011),’Healthy lives, healthy people: a tobacco control plan for England’. [Online] Available at: http://www. dh. gov. uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/di gitalasset/dh_124960. pdf (Accessed 5th December 2012). Department of Health (2009), ‘Impact Assessment for the Health bill’ [Online] Available at: http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsLegislation/DH_123583 (Accessed 2nd December, 2012). Gervais A, O’Loughlin J et al (2006) ‘Milestones in the natural course of onset of cigarette use among adolescents’. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 175(3): 255-261. [Online] Available at: http://www. canadianmedicaljournal. ca/content/175/3/255. short (Accessed 2nd December 2012). Health and Social Care Information Centre. Statistics on smoking: England 2010. Department of Health (2005), ‘Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England 2004’ [Online] Available at: http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsStatistics/DH_4118153 (Accessed 3rd December 2012). . HM Government (2010), ‘A Smoke free Future-A comprehensive tobacco control strategy for England’ [Online] Available at: http://webarchive. nationalarchives. gov. uk/+/www. dh. gov. uk/en/MediaCentre/Pressreleasesarchive/DH_111744 (Accessed 2nd December, 2012). J. Foulds (1999), ‘Smoking cessation in young people: should we do more to help young smokers to quit? Health Education Authority, London, p. 17 ICHS (2012),‘Smoking drinking and drug use among young people in England in 2011. [Online] Available at: http://www. ic. nhs. uk/pubs/sdd11fullreport (Accessed 2nd December 2012). Muller, T (2007), ‘Breaking the cycle of children’s exposure to tobacco smoke’. British Medical Associ ation, London. [Online] Available at: http://www. co. marquette. mi. us/departments/health_department/smokefreeup_org/docs/Children_Smoking_Report. pdf (Accessed 2nd December 2012). Robinson S Bugler C (2008) ‘Smoking and drinking among adults, General Lifestyle Survey 2008’ [Online] Available at: How to cite Teenage Smoking in United Kingdom, Papers

Patricia Smith Essays - Literature, Patti Smith, Poetry, Babel

Patricia Smith Patti Smith Homepages, Biographies, and Interests a patti smith babelogue - The premier site for any and all information, from contacting patti to poetry, sound clips, performances, etc. Arista Record's Patti Smith Homepage Tribute: Patti Smith - Photos and artwork along with a tribute (obviously) to Smith CGBGs Home Page Patti Smith at Music Boulevard includes Biographies, Links, etc. Patti's Entry in Rough Guide to Rock Critical Inquiry: An excerpt from a scholarly article on Patti & Rimbaud Sound and Sample Amnesty International Page (includes a realaudio clip that includes Patti Smith) Sound and Poetic Clips at the Cafenet Hanuman Books ? T-shirts, posters, poems, and signed 1sts of woolgathering Mr. Showbiz Interview and Article Addicted to Noise RealAudio Interview The Detroit Journal ? the online paper composed by Striking Detroit Free Press Workers: Appearance at R.E.M. concert Tribute to Fred at his church The San Francisco Bay Guardian: Ain't It Strange Easter, Again The Soul of Patti Smith Related Links Electric Cool Acid, A Japanese site devoted to underground & psychedelic music Poetry Essays